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Africa is home to a vast array of mineral resources, including gold, diamonds, copper, petroleum, and natural gas. Critical commodities that are essential components in many of today’s rapidly growing clean energy technologies and industries represent a significant segment of the continent’s vast mineral wealth. Africa, known for its rich natural resources, has an abundance of these minerals, which are key for the global transition to sustainable and renewable energy technologies. About 30% of all global mineral reserves are found in Africa. The continent’s proven oil reserves constitute 8% of the world’s stock and those of natural gas amount to 7%. Minerals account for an average of 70% of total African exports and about 28% of gross domestic product. The contribution of extractives to public finance is significant, with some African countries’ public revenue almost entirely dependent on them.

However, the extraction and exploitation of these minerals also come with challenges. Issues like environmental degradation, human rights violations, and the need for sustainable and responsible mining practices are at the forefront of the discourse around the extraction of green and rare minerals in Africa. The continent’s future in this sector depends on balancing economic development with environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Green and rare minerals in Africa play a pivotal role in the global transition to a greener economy. The continent’s vast reserves of these minerals position it as a key supplier in the renewable energy and technology sectors. However, addressing the environmental and social impacts associated with their extraction is crucial for sustainable development in this promising sector.